ABSTRACT

Music as a auditory art is unique in the it employs sounds as materials, so testing in music should be focused on the auditory ability of real sounds. Especially it is very important to test the perceptibility to the musical elements which are basic musical ability in music learning, and it should be focused on the sense of hearing based on real sounds. As a way of investigating desirable direction in evaluation of music learning, this study aims at providing the valid and reliable measurement instrument of real sounds which tests the perceptibility to the musical elements. For This purpose, this study first examined the characteristics and direction in evaluation of music learning, the meaning of evaluation instrument through real sounds and general procedurcs in making evaluation instrument, and reviewed proceding studies at home and abroad. Evaluation instrument which is proposed in this study followed the concrete procedures of the test-items development to obtain the high validity and reliability for each item. To provide criteria, this study clarifies learning objectives and contents of music subject in elementary school, specified the objectives through dichotomy classification, and devised evaluation instrument of real sounds. This evaluation instrument was checkuped, amended and complemented by five music educators. This evaluation instrument was executed in real situations. The difficulty, discrimination and reliability of each item was computed on the basis of the result. All data was analyzed using SPSS/PC+ program. In this study, the proposed evaluation instrument of real sounds format is called the test of the perceptibility to the musical elements . The characteristics of the test are as follows: Musical elements tested in this instrument are seven (rhythm, melody, harmony, form, tempo, dynamics and tone colour). Evaluation item types are composed of multiple-choice type and supply type. The former is applied to the five test items which are not suitable for multiful-choice. The number of items are thirty five. The time spent in testing is seventy minutes which is divided into the first half and the second half. It is applied to the sixth grade in elementary school. The number of students was 390. Data were collected by stratified and cluster sample divided in the large city, middle and small city, and town and village. Contents validity index was 77.49%. The objectivity index of correct answer was 95.23 %. An average difficulty index was 58.14 %. An average discrimination index was 0.40. A standard variation was 5.72. The reliability (K-R 20) index was 0.80. As a result of the experiment, the reliability, discrimination and difficulity index distributions of these developed test items were within the permitted limit and satisfactory. This result shows that the evaluation instrument of real sounds developed in this study is valid and reliable. The test of perceptibility to the musical elements proved statistically significant in valididty and reliability. So this test is acceptable and desirable evaluation instrument in real situations of music education. If the developed evaluation instrument is applied to the scene of evaluation of music education, not only the evaluation of music learning but also the direction of music instruction will be approached to the essense of music subject. Furthermore students` musical ability will be improved.