ABSTRACT

The purpose of the study was to develop (complement) \/-rhythm notation useful for rhythm learning. Through research, a notation that can mark most of the songs presented in elementary school textbooks with \/ was developed, and the notation was improved through expert review. The understanding of the pre-service teacher who learned rhythmic notation was tested and interviewed to confirm its usefulness. The \/-rhythm notation developed in this study is useful for intuitively understanding and representing rhythms in beginner stages. Students responded that the \/-rhythm notation developed in this study was simple, so it was understandable in a short time. They also reported that it was systematically organized when using \/-rhythm notation so there was no problem when using it, and it helped to understand the characteristics of rhythm. The usefulness of the \/-rhythm notation developed in this study was confirmed through music experts and pre-service teachers.

Keyword :

REFERENCES

1. Jang, G. N., Kim, S. H., Ju, H. D., & Hong, S. M. (1990). Music (for primary school 1st grade). Pyongyang: Kyoyukdosea Publication.
2. Berger, A. A., Burrough, R., Burton, J. B., Bush, J. E., Cooksey, J. M., Cooper, S. C. Darrow, A. A., Emmons, S., Erck, D., Fennell, A. M., Fisher, D., Gonzo, C., Harms, L., Hilley, M. F., Hines, D. B., Junda, M. E., Kalbach, D. Lacroix, S., Leck, H., Longden, S., Richter, G. A., Rodriguez, C. X., Sanz, K. D., Scott, J. K., Spell, G., Stevanson, B., Walls, K. C., Wiggins, J., & Yoder-White, M. (2008). Making Music: California Edition. New York: Pearson Scott Foresman.
3. Cho, H. K. (2004). Kodály music education. Seoul: Sekwang. Cho, S. (2015). A study of TaKeTiNa rhythm process. Korean Journal of Research in Music Education, 44(4), 241-260.
4. Choksy, L. (1999). The Kodály method I: Comprehensive music education. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
5. Dongtan Philia Music Academy (2022). Musical notes and rests instrumentation (rhythm notation). Retrieved June 20, 2022, from https://blog.naver.com/philia_music
6. Geumse Study Room (2002). character according to the beat. Retrieved June 5, 2022, from https://geumse.tistory.com/13
7. Han, J. S., Cho, D. H., & Yoon, S. W. (2019). An analysis of research for teaching music reading ability. The Journal of Music Application Studies, 11, 145-163.
8. Hong, S. M., Kim, S. H., Jang, G. N., & Ju, H. D. (1990). Music(for primary school 4th grade). Pyongyang: Kyoyukdosea Publication.
9. Hwang, W. J. (Consultant) (2012). Music primary. Singapore: Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd.
10. Jeong, E. J. (2013). A study on elementary school teachers' awareness for the usefulness of educational theories. Journal of Elementary Education Studies, 20(1), 62-82.
11. Ju, H. D., Hong, S. M., Kim, S. H., & Jang, G. N. (1990). Music(for primary school 3rd grade). Pyongyang: Kyoyukdosea Publication.
12. Jung, Y. J. (2022). A study on the meaning and description of core concept and central ideas in music curriculum. Korean Journal of Research in Music Education, 51(3), 157-177.
13. Kim, M. S. (2012). A prospect on concept mapping for learning of music elements. Korean Journal of Research in Music Education, 41(2), 101-123.
14. Lee, H. S. (2022). The purpose of this study is to present a percussion music class using the play method for upper level elementary school students. Materials used for percussion instruments are household. Korean Journal of Research in Music Education, 51(1), 71-97. https://doi.org/10.30775/KMES.51.1.71 [Crossref]
15. Lee, J. H. (2002). Studies on rhythmic solfege of Emile Jaques-Dalcorze. Master's thesis, Yonsei Graduate School of Education.
16. Lee, Y. K. (1999). The review of the related research findings: The study on the development of rhythmic abilities of children. Journal of Ewha Music Research Institute, 3, 265-302.
17. Lee, Y. K. (2000). A comparison of various rhythm teaching approaches. The Music Research, 21(1), 343-388.
18. Ministry of Education (2015). Music curriculum (No. 2015-74). Sejong: Ministry of Education.
19. National Institute of Korean Language (2022). Standard Korean dictionary. Retrieved June 7, 2022, from https://stdict.korean.go.kr/main/main.do.
20. Neumann, F., Burns, L., Kögel, M., & Pickro, B. (2010). Duett Schülerbuch 1/2. Stuttgart, Leipzig: Ernst Klett Verlag.
21. Orff, C., & Keetmann, G. (1978). Musik für Kinder. Mainz: SCHOTT.
22. Oxford University Press (2022a). Oxford English dictionary. Retrieved July 5, 2022, from https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/
23. Oxford University Press (2022b). Oxford languages. Retrieved July 7, 2022, from https://languages.oup.com/
24. Rim, M. K., Hyun, K. S., Cho, S. I., Kim, Y. H., & Rhee, E. (2010). Music teaching method: Dalcroze, Kodály, Orff, Gordon, comprehensive musicianship. Seoul: Hakjisa.
25. Seo, J. W. (2008). A study on the Kodály solfege teaching method for the third graders in elementary school. The Journal of Music Application Studies, 1, 107-133.
26. Seung, Y. H., Min Y. H., Yang, J. M., & Chung, J. W. (2020). Music education in elementary school. Seoul: Hakjisa. https://doi.org/10.29096/JEE.33.2.07 [Crossref]
27. Song, J. J. (2019). Shaping of the ideas of Jaques-Dalcroze, Kodály and Orff on rhythmic education through corporeal movement. Korean Journal of Research in Music Education, 48(3), 103-127. https://doi.org/10.30775/KMES.48.3.103 [Crossref]
28. Szönyi, E. (1990). Kodály's principles in practice. Hungary: Corvina. Warner, B. (1991). Orff-Schulwerk: Applocations for the classroom. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
29. Wikipedia (2022). Rhythm. Retrieved July 1, 2022, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhythm
30. Yang, J. M. (2017). International comparisions of core comptence and musical competence: Korea, Japan, Singapore, and United Kindom, and USA. Korean Journal of Research in Music Education, 46(4), 181-205. https://doi.org/10.30775/KMES.46.4.04 [Crossref]
31. Yang, J. M. (2019). Ethnic music education in Korean schools in China and Japan. Korean Journal of Research in Music Education, 48(4), 181-205. https://doi.org/10.30775/KMES.48.4.181 [Crossref]
32. Yang, J. M., Kim, E. Y., Park, J. H., Kim, D. H., Park, J. Y., Lee, D. H., & Kim, E. J. (2020). Music 6 elementary school music text book. Seoul: Chunjae TextBook.
33. Yoon, J. Y. (2018). The effect of singing activity based on the rhythm element on a preschool child's musical interest and self-regulation ability. Korean Journal of Research in Music Education, 47(3), 97-119. https://doi.org/10.30775/KMES.47.3.05 [Crossref]
34. 木村次宏, 新実 德英, 伊野義博, 金谷昌治, 金子健治, 桑原啓郞, 阪本佳子, 新山王政和, 高倉弘光, 坪能由紀子, 寺田貴雄, 中地雅之, 中島寿, 長島真 人, 野村幸治, 橋本佐保美 (2014). 小學音樂 音楽のおくりもの. 東京: 敎育出版.
35. 吴斌 (2001). 音樂 1. 中國: 人民音樂出版社.
36. 佐佐木英, 黒沢隆朝 (1953). 小學音樂 3學年. 日本: 全音樂譜出版社.
37. 佐佐木英, 黒沢隆朝 (1954). 小學音樂 5學年. 日本: 全音樂譜出版社.