ABSTRACT

Music education for young children in Indonesia often lacks a thorough, student-centered approach. In contrast, Germany has long used didactic methods to teach music effectively to children. This article presents a qualitative case study comparing early childhood music education in Indonesia and Germany. Data were collected through direct observations in three educational institutions and semi-structured interviews with two German experts in early childhood music education. The findings revealed that there are different cross-cultural experiences of music learning in Indonesia and Germany in terms of cultural context, music education system, technical approach, community performance and collaboration. Seen from its characteristics, music education didactical learning approach is suitable and promising to be implemented in Indonesia. Furthermore, it is evident there is a need to balance teacher-centered and students-centered learning, in order to better address students' individual needs while maintaining the crucial role of teachers. Exploring early childhood music education methods in Germany can inspire educators and policymakers in Indonesia to develop a more diverse and inclusive approach to early childhood music education. This approach should integrate children's needs and interests and support the development of creativity and various abilities.

Keyword :

REFERENCES

1. Abramo, J. M., & Reynolds, A. (2015). ""Pedagogical creativity"" as a framework for music teacher education. Journal of Music Teacher Education, 25(1), 37-51. https://doi.org/10.1177/1057083714543744 [Crossref]
2. Afrianingsih, A., & Yulianti, E. (2021). Kegiatan bernyanyi dengan alunan musik Marching Band mampu meningkatkan kecerdasan emosi anak. In ICIE: International Conference on Islamic Education (Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 139-152). Tarbiyah Faculty, Islamic State Institute of Kudus.
3. Aulia, A., Diana, D., & Setiawan, D. (2022). Pentingnya pembelajaran musik untuk anak usia dini. Jurnal Golden Age, 6(1), 160-168.
4. Bilbokaitė, R., Bilbokaitė-Skiauterienė, I., & Peskur, V. (2020). Integration of music in pre-school children's learning: Reflecting didactic effectiveness. In ICERI2020 Proceedings (pp. 1799-1804). IATED. https://doi.org/10.21125/iceri.2020.0450 [Crossref]
5. Bowman, B. T. (2011). Bachelor's degrees are necessary but not sufficient: Preparing teachers to teach young children. In E. Zigler, W. S. Gilliam, & W. S. Barnett (Eds.), The Pre-K Debates: Current Controversies and Issues (pp. 54-59). Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co.
6. Carless, D. (2020). Longitudinal perspectives on students' experiences of feedback: A need for teacher-student partnerships. Higher Education Research and Development, 39(3), 425-438. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2019.1684455 https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2019.1684455 [Crossref]
7. Chlapana, E. (2021). Didactic practices for helping kindergarteners improve their listening comprehension skills. Family-school cooperation. In World Conference on Education and Teachings (Vol. 1). Budapest: Education and Teaching Conferences. https://doi.org/10.33422/ijce.v2i4.112 [Crossref]
8. Cinc, E., Maran, M., & Stolic, J. (2015). The subcategories of folklor dance for children as didactic games for developing musical ability in preschool period. Amsterdam the Netherland, 17(5) Part III, 426-429.
9. Conti, D., & Romero-Naranjo, F. J. (2015). Singing BAPNE®: Body percussion and voice as a didactic element. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 197, 2498-2505. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.07.322 [Crossref]
10. Creswell, J. W. (2017). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (5th ed.). SAGE Publications.
11. Delia, A. S., & Yeni, I. (2020). Rancangan tari kreasi terhadap perkembangan motorik kasar anak usia dini. Jurnal Pendidikan Tambusai, 4(2), 1071-1079.
12. Djohan, H. (2009). Psikologi musik. Percetakan Galang Press.
13. Egea, M. B., & Sánchez, M. G. (2010). Didactic resources for music education for children 0-6 years old: Recursos didácticos para la enseñanza musical de 0 a 6 años. Electronic Journal of Music in Education, (26), 14-31.
14. Ekedahl, P., & Mateiro, T. (2015). Motivations and intentions to carry out didactic concerts for children. Perspectives: Journal of the Early Childhood Music & Movement Association, 10(1), 4-8. https://doi.org/10.1386/IJMEC_0299_1 [Crossref]
15. Hapidin, & Yenina. (2016). Pengembangan model permainan tradisional dalam membangun karakter anak usia dini. Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini, 10(2), 201-212. https://doi.org/10.21009/jpud.102.01 https://doi.org/10.21009/JPUD.102.01 [Crossref]
16. Hayati, N., Fatimaningrum, A. S., & Wulandari, R. (2019). Kegiatan menyanyi dalam pembelajaran anak usia dini. Jurnal Pendidikan Anak, 8(2), 116-125. https://doi.org/10.21831/jpa.v8i2.29102 [Crossref]
17. Herlina, I., Syukri, M., & Yuniarni, D. (2014). Peningkatan kecerdasan musikal melalui bermain alat musik perkusi pada anak usia 5-6 tahun. Harmonia Psychology: Journal of Arts Research and Education, 1(1), 1-10.
18. Holmberg, Y. (2016). Musicship: Didactic considerations of music activity in preschool. Nordic Research in Music Education, 17, 83-102.
19. Isrofah, I. Sitisaharia, S., & Hamida, H. (2022). Pembelajaran berbasis media digital pada anak usia dini di era revolusi industri. JIIP - Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pendidikan, 5(6), 1748-1756. https://doi.org/10.54371/jiip.v5i6.626 https://doi.org/10.54371/jiip.v5i6.626 [Crossref]
20. Kusumastuti, N., & Rukiyati, R. (2018). Penanaman nilai-nilai moral melalui kegiatan bercerita pada anak usia 5 tahun. Jurnal Pembangunan Pendidikan: Fondasi Dan Aplikasi, 5(2), 162. https://doi.org/10.21831/jppfa.v5i2.14830 https://doi.org/10.21831/jppfa.v5i2.14830 [Crossref]
21. Lauermann, F. (2014). Teacher responsibility from the teacher's perspective. International Journal of Educational Research, 65, 75-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2013.09.005 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2013.09.005 [Crossref]
22. Macintyre, P. D., Baker, S. C., & Sparling, H. (2017). Heritage passions, heritage convictions, and the rooted L2 self: Music and Gaelic language learning in Cape Breton, Nova Scotia. Modern Language Journal, 101(3), 501-516. https://doi.org/10.1111/modl.12417 https://doi.org/10.1111/modl.12417 [Crossref]
23. Majdah, K. (2019). Upaya meningkatkan kecerdasan kinestetik anak usia dini melalui kegiatan menari pada kelompok B di RA Al-Ikhlas Medan. Kindergarten: Journal of Islamic Early Childhood Education, 2(2), 92. https://doi.org/10.24014/kjiece.v2i2.9102 https://doi.org/10.24014/kjiece.v2i2.9102 [Crossref]
24. McCarthy, M. (2010). Researching children's musical culture: Historical and contemporary perspectives. Music Education Research, 12(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461380 0903569245 https://doi.org/10.1080/14613800903569245 [Crossref]
25. Miles, M., & Huberman, A. M. (2014). Qualitative data analysis (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications.
26. Munawaroh, H., Imroatun, I., & Ibrohim, B. (2020). Upaya peningkatan rasa percaya diri AUD melalui kegiatan bernyanyi di depan kelas. As-Sibyan: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 4(2), 133-142. https://doi.org/10.32678/as-sibyan.v4i2.2444 [Crossref]
27. Mursalin, E., & Setiaji, A. B. (2019). Pelatihan pembuatan alat permainan edukatif berbasis sains bagi guru PAUD. Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat MIPA Dan Pendidikan MIPA, 3(1), 34-37. https://doi.org/10.21831/jpmmp.v3i1.21237 https://doi.org/10.21831/jpmmp.v3i1.21237 [Crossref]
28. Nasution, N. K. (2017). Penerapan kreativitas melalui eksperimen dan musik dalam pengembangan kemampuan kognitif anak usia dini. SYAMIL: Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam (Journal of Islamic Education), 5(2), 209-223. https://doi.org/10.21093/sy.v5i2.1121 https://doi.org/10.21093/sy.v5i2.1121 [Crossref]
29. Nasution, R. A. (2016). Pembelajaran seni musik bagi pengembangan kognitif anak usia dini. Jurnal Keguruan UIN Sumatera Utara, 4, 11-21. http://dx.doi.org/10.30829/raudhah.v4i1.60
30. Nurmadiah, N. (2016). Strategi pembelajaran anak usia dini. Al-Afkar: Manajemen Pendidikan Islam, 3(1), 1-28. https://doi.org/10.28944/afkar.v3i1.101 https://doi.org/10.28944/afkar.v3i1.101 [Crossref]
31. Oktaviani, W. (2021). Relevansi pendidikan musik terhadap kecerdasan intelektual anak usia dini. Jurnal Ilmiah Cahaya Paud, 3(2), 55-62. https://doi.org/10.33387 https://doi.org/10.33387/cp.v3i2.3629 [Crossref]
32. Patton, M. Q. (2014). Qualitative research & evaluation methods (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.
33. Purwaningsih, N. P. S., Pudjawan, K., & Raga, G. (2014). Penerapan metode role playing berbantuan media boneka tangan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berbahasa lisan anak kelompok a TK darma Kumala penatahan. Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini Undiksha, 2(1), https://doi.org/10.23887/paud.v2i1.3060
34. Putri, P. A., & Ismet, S. (2020). Efektivitas permainan perkusi kastanyet terhadap kecerdasan musikal anak. Jurnal Pendidikan Tambusai, 4, 463-468. https://www.jptam.org/index.php/jptam/article/view/484
35. Rahmawati, N., & Raharjo, I. B. (2021). Aktivitas bernyanyi pada pembelajaran anak usia dini di kelompok bermain Darussalam Kediri. Jurnal Bahasa, Seni, Dan Pengajaran, 5(April), 86-93. https://doi.org/10.29407/jbsp.v5i1.17642 [Crossref]
36. Ramdhani, S., Suhirman, Hadi, Y. A., & Husni, M. (2020). Maracas, alat musik untuk mengembangkan kemampuan seni anak usia dini. Seni Pertunjukan, 2(2), 2. https://doi.org/10.29408/tmmt.v2i2.2290
37. Razi, P., Surayah, S., & Widia, W. (2020). Promosi kesehatan dengan pola asah, asih dan asuh dalam meningkatkan kemandirian menyikat gigi pada anak usia dini di TK Khalifah 2 Jambi tahun 2019. Ramanujan Journal, 1(2), 7-12.
38. Rustini, T., & Rohayanti. (2012). Perkembangan kemampuan bersosialisasi pada anak usia 5-6 tahun. Cakrawala Dini 3(2). https://doi.org/10.17509/cd.v3i2.10341 [Crossref]
39. Setiawan, H. Y., & Sufa, F. F. (2018). Pendidikan karakter pada anak usia dini melalui kegiatan bercerita. Adiwidya, 2(1), 132-138. https://doi.org/10.33061/awpm.v2i1.2093
40. Sukmayadi, Y., Sella, F., & Midyanti, H. I. (2022). Heutagogical approach to music learning in vocational schools. Obrazovanie i Nauka, 24(6), 41-59. https://doi.org/10.17853/199 4-5639-2022-6-41-59 https://doi.org/10.17853/1994-5639-2022-6-41-59 [Crossref]
41. Sulastri, Y. L., Rahma, A., & Hakim, L. L. (2017). IbM pembuatan alat permainan edukatif (APE) ramah anak bagi guru PAUD di Kota Bandung. Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 7(2), 84. https://doi.org/10.30999/jpkm.v7i2.177 https://doi.org/10.30999/jpkm.v7i2.177 [Crossref]
42. Sustainable Development Goals. (2017). SDGs 2030 Indonesia. Retrieved January 10, 2024, from https://www.sdg2030indonesia.org/
43. Thresher, J. M. (1964). Contributions of Orff elementary music. Music Educator's Journal, 50(3), 43-48. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3390084 https://doi.org/10.2307/3390084 [Crossref]
44. Utsmani, M. M. (2017). Pengembangan nilai agama dan moral anak usia dini etnis Jawa dan Madura di Kabupaten Pasuruan. SELING: Jurnal Program Studi PGRA, 3(2), 35-48.
45. Wahyuningsih, W. (2020). Meningkatkan kecerdasan musikal anak usia dini melalui bermain alat musik perkusi. JPI (Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia): Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan, 5(1), 65-77. https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/jpi/article/view/46295
46. Widjanarko, P. (2016). Pendidikan seni bermain dan bernyanyi anak usia dini. JURNAL AUDI: Jurnal Ilmiah Kajian Ilmu Anak Dan Media Informasi PAUD, 1(1), 25-31.
47. Yin, R. K. (2018). Case study research and applications: Design and methods (6th ed.). SAGE Publications.
48. Young, S. (2015). Early childhood music education research: An overview. Research Studies in Music Education, 38(1), 9-21. https://doi.org/10.1177/1321103X16640106 https://doi.org/10.1177/1321103X16640106 [Crossref]